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Emergency Orthopedics, 6e
| Part III. Upper Extremities > |
Shoulder Soft-Tissue Injury and Dislocations
Sections: Acromioclavicular Dislocation, Mechanism of Injury, Examination, Imaging, Treatment, Complications, Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation, Mechanism of Injury, Examination, Associated Injuries, Imaging, Treatment, Complications, Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, Mechanism of Injury, Examination, Imaging, Associated Injuries, Treatment, Analgesia, Reduction Techniques, Scapular Manipulation Technique, External Rotation Technique, Milch Technique, Spaso Technique, Stimson Technique, Traction and Countertraction, Immobilization and Rehabilitation, Definitive Treatment, Complications, Posterior Shoulder Dislocation, Mechanism of Injury, Examination, Imaging, Rim Sign, Light Bulb Sign, Trough Line Sign, Associated Injuries, Treatment, Inferior Shoulder Dislocation (Luxatio Erecta), Mechanism of Injury, Examination, Imaging, Associated Injuries, Treatment, Impingement Syndrome, Supraspinatus Tendonitis and Subacromial Bursitis, Rotator Cuff Tears, Bicipital Tendonitis, Bicipital Tendon Dislocation, Acute Traumatic Synovitis, Frozen Shoulder Syndrome, Scapulocostal Syndromes and Bursitis, Long Thoracic Nerve Palsy, Extrinsic Disorders, Cervical Spine Disease, Brachial Plexus Neuropathy, Neoplastic Disease, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
Excerpt:
"The acromioclavicular (AC) joint functions to allow an increase in elevation and abduction of the arm. Two ligaments provide stability at this joint: the AC and the coracoclavicular ligaments. The coracoclavicular ligament is divided into the conoid and the trapezoid ligaments, which function together to anchor the distal clavicle to the coracoid process (see Fig. 16–3).The mechanisms by which these injuries occur are either as a result of a direct force, usually a fall with the arm adducted to the side, or a force from above the acromion that strikes the bony prominence and dislodges it from its attachments to the clavicle. An indirect mechanism by which this injury occurs is a fall on the outstretched arm with the force transmitted to the AC joint. Most injuries of the AC joint are caused by a direct fall onto the point of the shoulder (Fig. 16–33).23–27 A more horizontally directed force (i.e., fall to the lateral side of the shoulder) may result in intraarticular damage with no significant injury to the ligaments. This may account for many cases of late degenerative joint disease and pain following..."
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