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Emergency Orthopedics, 6e
| Part I. Orthopedic Principles and Management > |
Upper Extremity
Sections: Clavicle Fractures, Elbow, "CRITOE", Supracondylar Fractures, Examination, Imaging, Associated Injuries, Treatment, Complications, Medial Epicondylar Fractures, Medial Condyle Fractures, Lateral Condyle Fractures, Radial Head and Neck Fractures, Osteochondritis Dissecans, Little League Elbow, Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow), Treatment, Hyperpronation Technique, Supination/Flexion Technique, Forearm, Radius and Ulna Shaft Fractures, Wrist, Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures, Distal Radius Epiphyseal Separation—Extension Type.
Excerpt:
"The clavicle is the most commonly injured bone during delivery (Fig. 6–11). Although there is a higher incidence following deliveries that require oxytocin, instrumental extraction, maneuvers for dystocia, or prolonged second-stage labor, clavicle fractures can occur during normal deliveries and Cesarean sections. In older children, fractures usually result from falls or direct blows and most commonly involve the middle-third of the bone. The majority of these fractures can be managed without orthopedic referral. Fractures of the clavicle are treated with an arm sling, which is more comfortable than a figure-of-eight splint.Horizontal fractures of the distal humerus are divided into two broad categories: supracondylar and transcondylar. Supracondylar fractures are further subdivided, based on the position of the distal humeral segment, and also on the type of injury—extension type (posterior displacement) or flexion type (anterior displacement) (Fig. 6–14). Transcondylar fractures involve the joint capsule and also are of the flexion or extension type.With nondisplaced fractures there may be little swelling..."
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